Cyber Threat Report: 'StopRansomware: Phobos Ransomware'
Report Author | CISA |
---|---|
Publication Date | 2024-02-29 |
Original Reporting | Source |
Related Intrusion Sets | Phobos Ransomware Group |
Victim Sectors | Emergency Services, Education, Local Government, Healthcare, Regional Govenment |
This is a joint Cybersecurity Advisory produced by CISA, the FBI and the Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC). It outlines tactics, techniques and procedures associated with the Phobos ransomware. Phobos ransomware operates as 'Ransomware-as-a-Service' with victims observed up to February 2024 (the time of publication). The advisory states that Phobos is often deployed alongside other tools including Smokeloader, Cobalt Strike, and Bloodhound.
Cyber Threat Graph Context
Explore how this report relates to the wider threat graph
Mitigations to defend against the techniques in this report
Privileged Account Management
Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to privileged accounts, including SYSTEM and root.Password Policies
Set and enforce secure password policies for accounts.Restrict File and Directory Permissions
Restrict access by setting directory and file permissions that are not specific to users or privileged accounts.User Account Management
Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to user accounts.Execution Prevention
Block execution of code on a system through application control, and/or script blocking.Audit
Perform audits or scans of systems, permissions, insecure software, insecure configurations, etc. to identify potential weaknesses.Software Configuration
Implement configuration changes to software (other than the operating system) to mitigate security risks associated to how the software operates.Restrict Registry Permissions
Restrict the ability to modify certain hives or keys in the Windows Registry.Antivirus/Antimalware
Use signatures or heuristics to detect malicious software.Network Intrusion Prevention
Use intrusion detection signatures to block traffic at network boundaries.User Training
Train users to be aware of access or manipulation attempts by an adversary to reduce the risk of successful spearphishing, social engineering, and other techniques that involve user interaction.Behavior Prevention on Endpoint
Use capabilities to prevent suspicious behavior patterns from occurring on endpoint systems. This could include suspicious process, file, API call, etc. behavior.Multi-factor Authentication
Use two or more pieces of evidence to authenticate to a system; such as username and password in addition to a token from a physical smart card or token generator.Application Developer Guidance
This mitigation describes any guidance or training given to developers of applications to avoid introducing security weaknesses that an adversary may be able to take advantage of.Filter Network Traffic
Use network appliances to filter ingress or egress traffic and perform protocol-based filtering. Configure software on endpoints to filter network traffic.Active Directory Configuration
Configure Active Directory to prevent use of certain techniques; use SID Filtering, etc.Account Use Policies
Configure features related to account use like login attempt lockouts, specific login times, etc.Restrict Web-Based Content
Restrict use of certain websites, block downloads/attachments, block Javascript, restrict browser extensions, etc.Pre-compromise
This category is used for any applicable mitigation activities that apply to techniques occurring before an adversary gains Initial Access, such as Reconnaissance and Resource Development techniques.Disable or Remove Feature or Program
Remove or deny access to unnecessary and potentially vulnerable software to prevent abuse by adversaries.Limit Access to Resource Over Network
Prevent access to file shares, remote access to systems, unnecessary services. Mechanisms to limit access may include use of network concentrators, RDP gateways, etc.Network Segmentation
Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services...Operating System Configuration
Make configuration changes related to the operating system or a common feature of the operating system that result in system hardening against techniques.Data Backup
Take and store data backups from end user systems and critical servers. Ensure backup and storage systems are hardened and kept separate from the corporate network to prevent compromise.Update Software
Perform regular software updates to mitigate exploitation risk.Credential Access Protection
Use capabilities to prevent successful credential access by adversaries; including blocking forms of credential dumping.Privileged Process Integrity
Protect processes with high privileges that can be used to interact with critical system components through use of protected process light, anti-process injection defenses, or other process integrity enforcement measures.Data Loss Prevention
Use a data loss prevention (DLP) strategy to categorize sensitive data, identify data formats indicative of personal identifiable information (PII), and restrict exfiltration of sensitive data.(Citation: PurpleSec Data Loss Prevention)Identified MITRE ATT&CK Techniques
ATT&CK ID | Title | Associated Tactics |
---|---|---|
T1555 | Credentials from Password Stores | Credential Access |
T1562 | Impair Defenses | Defense Evasion |
T1027.002 | Software Packing | Defense Evasion |
T1001.003 | Protocol Impersonation | Command and Control |
T1562.004 | Disable or Modify System Firewall | Defense Evasion |
T1204.002 | Malicious File | Execution |
T1078 | Valid Accounts | Defense Evasion, Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation |
T1219 | Remote Access Software | Command and Control |
T1567.002 | Exfiltration to Cloud Storage | Exfiltration |
T1110 | Brute Force | Credential Access |
T1560 | Archive Collected Data | Collection |
T1059.003 | Windows Command Shell | Execution |
T1082 | System Information Discovery | Discovery |
T1140 | Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information | Defense Evasion |
T1055.004 | Asynchronous Procedure Call | Defense Evasion, Privilege Escalation |
T1547.001 | Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder | Persistence, Privilege Escalation |
T1588.002 | Tool | Resource Development |
T1133 | External Remote Services | Initial Access, Persistence |
T1657 | Financial Theft | Impact |
T1490 | Inhibit System Recovery | Impact |
T1105 | Ingress Tool Transfer | Command and Control |
T1486 | Data Encrypted for Impact | Impact |
T1057 | Process Discovery | Discovery |
T1027.009 | Embedded Payloads | Defense Evasion |
T1055.002 | Portable Executable Injection | Defense Evasion, Privilege Escalation |
T1106 | Native API | Execution |
T1555.003 | Credentials from Web Browsers | Credential Access |
T1595.001 | Scanning IP Blocks | Reconnaissance |
T1134.002 | Create Process with Token | Defense Evasion, Privilege Escalation |
T1218.005 | Mshta | Defense Evasion |
T1566.001 | Spearphishing Attachment | Initial Access |
T1003.005 | Cached Domain Credentials | Credential Access |
T1083 | File and Directory Discovery | Discovery |
T1047 | Windows Management Instrumentation | Execution |
T1134.001 | Token Impersonation/Theft | Defense Evasion, Privilege Escalation |
T1087.002 | Domain Account | Discovery |
T1555.005 | Password Managers | Credential Access |
T1003.001 | LSASS Memory | Credential Access |
T1593 | Search Open Websites/Domains | Reconnaissance |
T1048 | Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol | Exfiltration |
T1598 | Phishing for Information | Reconnaissance |
T1585 | Establish Accounts | Resource Development |
T1071.002 | File Transfer Protocols | Command and Control |